MID TEST
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
DAY/ TIME :
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 13TH 2012-11-13
LECTURE :
Dr. Syamsurizal
1. A). explain how the concept of organic compounds
from petroleum can be used as a fuel for vehicles such as car,motorbike,
including aircraft?
Answer:
organic compounds from petroleum can be used as a fuel for vehicles. This
can happen because of petroleum (crude oil) have been treated with a
variety of processes, without being processed / processed oil is not at
all bermampaat. Broadly speaking, a process that lasted for petroleum processing, namely:·
The process of distillation, the distillation process based on
differences in boiling point; process takes place in Column Distillation
Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Column. In
the second crude unit processes distilled into fractions, namely gas,
light distillate (such as gasoline oil), middle distillates (such as
kerosene, diesel oil), fuel oil (gas oil), and residues. Separation of fractions based on boiling point. Crude oil is vaporized in the distillation process, up to the top of the column and then condensed at different temperatures. Components
of a higher boiling point will remain a liquid and fall to the bottom,
while the lower boiling point will evaporate and rise to the top through
the lid-lid-called bubble shield. Growing
up, temperatures are in the fractionating column is getting low, so
each time the component with a higher boiling point will be separated,
while the component lower boiling point up to the more up again. So the next so that the component is a component that peaked at room temperature in the form of gas. Components in the form of gas is called petroleum gas, liquefied and then called LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas).
The process of conversion, which is a process to change the size and structure of hydrocarbon compounds. Included in this process are:· Decomposition by means of thermal and catalytic cracking (thermal and catalytic cracking)· Unification through alkylation and polymerization process· Alteration through isomerization and catalytic reforming process
Treatment Process (treatment). This process is intended to prepare hydrocarbon fractions for further processing, also to be processed into the final product.
Formulation and Blending (Blending), which is the process of mixing the hydrocarbon fractions and addition of additives to get the final product with a certain spec.Thus, through the processes of oil can be processed into fuel vehicles.
The process of conversion, which is a process to change the size and structure of hydrocarbon compounds. Included in this process are:· Decomposition by means of thermal and catalytic cracking (thermal and catalytic cracking)· Unification through alkylation and polymerization process· Alteration through isomerization and catalytic reforming process
Treatment Process (treatment). This process is intended to prepare hydrocarbon fractions for further processing, also to be processed into the final product.
Formulation and Blending (Blending), which is the process of mixing the hydrocarbon fractions and addition of additives to get the final product with a certain spec.Thus, through the processes of oil can be processed into fuel vehicles.
B) explain it how the idea of chemical compound from
petroleum can be used to make clothing and plastic and material needs of other
human lives ?
answer:
chemical compounds from petroleum can be used to make clothing and plastic and other material of human life. This
can occur due to chemical compounds from petroleum can be processed by a
variety of processes that can produce fiber or plastic clothing and
other necessities. For
example, hydrocarbons can be processed for the life of such material
for the manufacture of plastics and clothing and other necessities. Of
hydrocarbon material that can be used for clothing is PTA (purified
terephthalic acid), which is made of para-xylene in which the material
is essentially kerosene (kerosene). Of kerosene is all the material formed into compound Aromat, the para-xylene. The form compounds benzene (C6H6), but there are two methyl groups at C1 and C3 atoms of the benzene molecule.Para-xylene is then oxidized using air into the PTA. PTA shaped like detergent powder is then reacted with methanol into polyester fibers. Fiber poly ester which is the synthetic yarn that looks like a thread. Almost all kind of uniform clothing may be made of polyester. To facilitate their identification can be seen from the price. Price
clothing made of synthetic polyester yarns are usually relatively
cheaper than clothing made from raw cotton, silk or other natural
fibers. While
plastics from petroleum comes from poliester.Poliester is a category of
polymers which contain the ester functional group in the main chain. Although
there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" is as a specific
material more often refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters
include natural chemicals, such as those kutin of plant cuticles, as
well as synthetic chemicals such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.Can
be produced in various shapes such as sheets and three-dimensional
shapes, as thermoplastic polyesters can change shape after heated. While
combustible at high temperatures, polyesters tend to wrinkle away from
the fire and extinguish themselves during combustion. Polyester
fibers have high strength and E-modulus and low water absorption and
minimal shrinkage when compared to other industrial fibers.Tertenun polyester fabric used in consumer apparel and home furnishings such as bed sheets, bed covers, curtains and drapery. Industrial
polyester used in tire reinforcements, ropes, fabrics for introductory
machine belt (conveyor), safety belts, coated fabrics and plastic
reinforcements with high energy absorption rate. Of polyester fiber fill is also used to fill pillows and blanket warmers.
Fabrics of polyester touted feels "unnatural" when compared with the same fabric woven from natural fibers (eg cotton in textile uses). But polyester fabric has several advantages such as increased resilience of shrinkage. As a result, polyester fibers are sometimes spun together with natural fibers to produce a shirt with combined properties.
Polyester is also used to make bottles, films, tarpaulin, canoes, liquid crystal displays, holograms, filters, saput (film) dielectrics for capacitors, saput insulation for wire and insulating tapes.
Liquid crystalline polyesters are one of the used liquid crystalline polymers industry first and used for their mechanical properties and resistance to heat. The advantage is important in its use as a seal capable of abrasion in jet engines.
Hot loud polyester (thermosetting) used as a foundry, and chemosetting polyester resin is used as a coating resin fiber glass and putty a non-metallic car bodies. Reinforced unsaturated polyester glass fiber widely used in the body of the cruise ship and car.
Polyester is also used extensively as a smoothing (finish) on a high quality wood products such as guitars, pianos and vehicle / yacht. Burns London company, Rolls-Royce and Sunseeker are a few companies that use polyesters to their products. Tiksotropi properties of polyester that can be used as a spray makes it ideal for use on open-grain timbers, as they can quickly fill wood grain, with a thickness that is formed with a strong saput per layer. Cured polyesters can be sanded and polished to a final product.
Fabrics of polyester touted feels "unnatural" when compared with the same fabric woven from natural fibers (eg cotton in textile uses). But polyester fabric has several advantages such as increased resilience of shrinkage. As a result, polyester fibers are sometimes spun together with natural fibers to produce a shirt with combined properties.
Polyester is also used to make bottles, films, tarpaulin, canoes, liquid crystal displays, holograms, filters, saput (film) dielectrics for capacitors, saput insulation for wire and insulating tapes.
Liquid crystalline polyesters are one of the used liquid crystalline polymers industry first and used for their mechanical properties and resistance to heat. The advantage is important in its use as a seal capable of abrasion in jet engines.
Hot loud polyester (thermosetting) used as a foundry, and chemosetting polyester resin is used as a coating resin fiber glass and putty a non-metallic car bodies. Reinforced unsaturated polyester glass fiber widely used in the body of the cruise ship and car.
Polyester is also used extensively as a smoothing (finish) on a high quality wood products such as guitars, pianos and vehicle / yacht. Burns London company, Rolls-Royce and Sunseeker are a few companies that use polyesters to their products. Tiksotropi properties of polyester that can be used as a spray makes it ideal for use on open-grain timbers, as they can quickly fill wood grain, with a thickness that is formed with a strong saput per layer. Cured polyesters can be sanded and polished to a final product.
2. explain
why the hydrocarbon that are asymetrical or chiral have a variety of benefit
for human being.and sescribe how does it the chiral centers can be formed.
Answer:
Chiral compounds of hydrocarbons is when four different ligands bound to the carbon tetravalent, asymmetric molecules which produce carbon atom at the center asimetrisnya produce asymmetric molecules in which the carbon atom at the center asimetrisnya. an organic molecule is called chiral molecules if there is at least one C atom that binds to four different groups amino.Molekul acid-like compound chiral molecules have the properties that are unique optical properties. That is a chiral molecule has the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light in a device called a polarimeter. chemical reactions in biological systems are very stereospecific living things. That is a stereoisomer will undergo a different reaction partner stereoisomers in biological systems of living things. In fact, sometimes a stereoisomer will produce different products with partner stereoisomers in biological systems of living things.
Chiral compounds are usually bermampaat for drugs
Chiral center formed in this way: Determine the priority order of 4 atoms / groups attached to C and chiral chiral centers viewed from the opposite direction with priority yangmempunyai atom / lowest group., If the order of priority (besarkecil) clockwise then the center has kiraldikatakan R. Otherwise configuration, the center has kiraldikatakan configuration S. Increasing atomic number, the higher the priority, for example: I> Br> Cl> F> OH> NH> CH 3> H
If any groups are identical, then the priority is determined by the number of the next atom.
Chiral compounds are usually bermampaat for drugs
Chiral center formed in this way: Determine the priority order of 4 atoms / groups attached to C and chiral chiral centers viewed from the opposite direction with priority yangmempunyai atom / lowest group., If the order of priority (besarkecil) clockwise then the center has kiraldikatakan R. Otherwise configuration, the center has kiraldikatakan configuration S. Increasing atomic number, the higher the priority, for example: I> Br> Cl> F> OH> NH> CH 3> H
If any groups are identical, then the priority is determined by the number of the next atom.
1 3. when
ethylene gas produced from a ripe fruit can be used to ripe other fruits that
are still unripe.how do you idea when the gas is used as fuel gas like methane
gas
Answer:
As we know Methane is one of the fuels that are important in the generation of electricity, by burning it in a gas turbine or steam heating. Methane in the form of compressed natural gas used as vehicle fuel and has been proven as well as the fuel is more environmentally friendly than other fossil fuels range of petrol and diesel.
Ethylene gas is natural gas. This gas is a gaseous hormone in plant life active in ripening fruit. Applications containing Ethephon, the synthetic Ethylene optimal performance so that goals can be achieved pieces cook faster. (eg: Etephon, Protephon) trademarks include: Prothephon 480SL. Ethylene gas is found in many old fruit. This gas may be as methane gas when it is done with the addition of ethylene oxidation on many other elements. This really allows ethylene to ethylene gas as fuel is natural gas.
Ethylene gas is natural gas. This gas is a gaseous hormone in plant life active in ripening fruit. Applications containing Ethephon, the synthetic Ethylene optimal performance so that goals can be achieved pieces cook faster. (eg: Etephon, Protephon) trademarks include: Prothephon 480SL. Ethylene gas is found in many old fruit. This gas may be as methane gas when it is done with the addition of ethylene oxidation on many other elements. This really allows ethylene to ethylene gas as fuel is natural gas.
1 4. aromatic
coumpound are marked by ease of adjacent electrons conjugated. please explain
why ansaturated coumpound which highly conjugated but is not aromatic
Answer:
a ring consisting of bond conjugated unsaturated bond, a single pair, or an empty orbit showed stronger stability than the stability of a system consisting only of conjugation.
N ot only aromatic compounds having a conjugated electron adjacent but
uga should have 6 carbon atoms connected by three single bonds and 3
double bonds that criss-crossUnsaturated aliphatic compounds are aliphatic compounds, varying chain C double bond or triple. coumpound roomates highly unsaturated conjugated aromatic but is not due to absorption in the ith position mspektrum determine the number of protons bound to the atom-atom ring. Proton-bound outward terperisai aromatic rings are very strong and absorbs far down-field than most protons, usually more than 7 ppm.
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